4. Statelessness as Multidimensional Exclusion: Empirical Analysis Source: IBAHRI (2010); UN Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar (2018); Southwick (2015); author analytical synthesis. 4.1 Political Exclusion The 1982 Citizenship Law removed the legal foundation for Rohingya political participation. The 2015 cancellation of 700,000 Rohingya voter registrations — timed before national elections — completed the disenfranchisement. In Bangladesh, Rohingya have no formal voice in humanitarian governance decisions structuring their daily lives — a double exclusion Pincock et al. (2021) document as systemic across the humanitarian sector. 4.2 Economic Exclusion Fortify Rights (2014) documented systematic confiscation of Rohingya agricultural land — enabled by the community's inability to produce legal title documents they could not obtain because they were not citizens. In Bangladesh, formal employment is prohibited. The 47% of households with inadequate food consumption (WFP, 2025) is a direct statistical consequence of this legal exclusion. 4.3 The Education-Aspiration Gap — Figure 5 GAGE Bangladesh (2024) reveals one of the most analytically significant dimensions of Rohingya exclusion: 95% of boys and 69-81% of girls aspire to complete secondary education, while only 35% of boys and approximately 5% of girls are enrolled in any non-formal education. For higher education, aspirations of 22% (boys) and 7% (girls) confront access of approximately 3% and less than 1% respectively. Figure 5 visualizes this aspiration-access gap alongside the education funding crisis. 9