124 Kanics meet their obligations under the 1954 Convention. Since these procedures, where they exist, are relatively new and still under development in specific national contexts, it is currently unclear which role they may play in addressing problems caused by international surrogacy. Such procedures could potentially be used to identify and to document cases as well as to refer affected families to appropriate actors dealing with naturalization and citizenship. In this regard, it is interesting to note that the UNHCR Belgium mapping study recommends the creation of a focal point in the Ministry of Justice to whom individuals and professionals can refer with questions related to nationality.34 Following the successful model of the Hague Conventions,35 States might establish a Central Authority to serve as a conduit for arranging surrogacy agreements.36 It has also been considered as a possible step forward in the European Union context to introduce an enhanced co-operation procedure whereby each Member State would identify a central authority that would be responsible for consulting and co-ordinating between the different existing legal regimes of Member States on surrogacy related matters such as civil registration.37 3.2.4 Monitoring by Independent Human Rights Institutions and Ombudsperson for Children Ombudspersons for Children may also play a role in monitoring individual cases, commenting on draft legislation and advocating for necessary changes. For example, the Special Rapporteur on Child Protection has commented on proposed legislative reforms in this area in Ireland. 4 Partial Remedies to Prevent and Reduce Statelessness in Line with the Best Interests of the Child Some States have already initiated partial remedies to the problems created by international surrogacy such as recognising foreign birth certificates simply to establish legal paternity or providing emergency travel documents to allow a 34 35 36 37 UNHCR ‘Mapping Statelessness in Belgium’ (October 2012) <http://www.refworld.org/ docid/5100f4b22.html> accessed 15 September 2013. See recommendation 32 on page 36. HCCH, ‘Private International Law Issues Surrounding the Status of Children, including Issues arising from International Surrogacy Arrangements’ (n 6). Sarah Mortazavi, ‘It Takes a Village to Make a Child: Creating Guidelines for International Surrogacy’ (2012) 100 Georgetown Law Journal 2249. European Parliament, A Comparative Study on the Regime of Surrogacy in EU Member States (n 32). tilburg law review 19 (2014) 117-126