K.M. Parvez
Geopsychiatry 3 (2026) 100091
psychosocial support within refugee settings to reduce dependency and
enhance resilience. At the same time, humanitarian efforts must be
linked to sustained political and legal strategies aimed at addressing the
root causes of displacement. This requires coordinated international
pressure to ensure accountability, as well as credible frameworks for
safe, voluntary, and dignified repatriation that include guarantees of
citizenship and protection. Without such integration, humanitarian
systems risk perpetuating the very conditions they seek to alleviate. The
Rohingya crisis illustrates a fundamental contradiction in contemporary
global governance: while humanitarian systems are capable of sustain
ing life, they are often unable to secure justice or resolve structural in
equalities. The persistence of statelessness, combined with geopolitical
inertia, transforms displacement into a long-term condition of uncer
tainty and exclusion. Addressing this crisis therefore requires not only
humanitarian commitment but also political will, legal enforcement,
and a reconfiguration of international responsibility. Only through such
a multidimensional approach can the Rohingya move beyond survival
toward dignity, recognition, and a secure future.
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Bangladesh using AHP and GIS. Geopsychiatry 2026;1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
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climate migrants in Khulna city, Bangladesh. Commun Stud 2026:1–22. https://
doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2026.2629791.
[11] Parvez KM. The impact of land use change awareness on the psychological
adaptation of migrant communities in Khulna city. Geopsychiatry 2026;3:100054.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geopsy.2026.100054.
[12] Parvez KM, Hasan R. Spatial land transformation and the psychosocial exposure of
climate migrants in southwestern Bangladesh. Geopsychiatry 2026;1:100065.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geopsy.2026.100065.
[13] Misra A. From denial to displacement: a critical study of Myanmar’s minority
policies and ethnic persecution in the pre and post coup era. Int J Global Res
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[16] Wilson H. Drivers and determinants of extreme humanitarian needs among
Rohingya refugee households: evidence from UNHCR’s multi-sectoral needs
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e.0331727.
[17] United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Rohingya refugee
response and repatriation challenges. https://www.unhcr.org; 2025.
[18] Islamic Relief Worldwide. Rohingya refugees suffer as global aid cuts slash
essential services. Islamic Relief Worldwide 2025, August 14. https://islamic-relief
.org/news/rohingya-refugees-suffer-as-global-aid-cuts-slash-essential-services/.
[19] UNICEF. Rohingya crisis. https://www.unicef.org/emergencies/rohingya-crisis;
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[20] Howlader MR, Nesa J, Islam M. The Rohingya crisis in Bangladesh: challenges and
prospects. Disc Global Soc 2025;3(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44282-02500213-5. Article 103.
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Declaration of competing interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial
interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence
the work reported in this paper.
Data availability
The data that has been used is confidential.
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