K.M. Parvez Geopsychiatry 3 (2026) 100091 Fig. 3. The Rohingya crisis: Regional power dynamics and humanitarian fallout in southeast asia. at-risk segments of the refugee population. perceptions of self-worth. Participants' narratives reveal that the absence of citizenship translates into a persistent sense of non-existence within the global political order, reinforcing both social and psycho­ logical marginalization. At the macro level, the persistence of the crisis reflects the influence of geopolitical dynamics that constrain accountability and delay durable solutions. Regional norms such as ASEAN's non-interference principle, combined with the strategic interests of major powers, have limited coordinated pressure on Myanmar and weakened the effectiveness of international legal mechanisms. As a result, the Rohingya crisis remains a “managed emergency,” where humanitarian care mitigates immediate suffering but fails to address the root causes of displacement. This disjunction between normative commitments and political action re­ veals a broader crisis within global governance systems, where re­ sponsibility is acknowledged but not enforced. The study contributes to existing literature in three significant ways. First, it advances the conceptualization of the Rohingya crisis as a geopsychiatric condition, demonstrating how geopolitical and governance structures produce measurable psychological effects. Second, it provides empirical depth through qualitative data, offering insight into how structural forces are experienced and interpreted by displaced individuals. Third, it bridges disciplinary divides by integrating international relations, humanitarian governance, and mental health perspectives into a unified analytical framework. These contributions highlight the need for more interdisci­ plinary approaches in understanding protracted refugee crises. From a policy perspective, the findings underscore the urgency of shifting from containment-based humanitarian approaches to rightsbased strategies that prioritize dignity, agency, and long-term wellbeing. This includes expanding access to education, livelihoods, and 5. Conclusion This study has examined the Rohingya crisis as a structurally pro­ duced condition shaped by the interaction of statelessness, humanitar­ ian governance, and geopolitical constraints, while grounding this analysis in qualitative insights from Rohingya refugees in Cox's Bazar. By integrating lived experiences with broader analytical frameworks, the study demonstrates that the crisis cannot be understood solely as a humanitarian emergency but must be approached as a multidimensional phenomenon encompassing legal exclusion, political stagnation, and geopsychiatric distress. The findings reveal that trauma among Rohin­ gya refugees is not confined to past violence but is continuously repro­ duced through conditions of prolonged uncertainty, restricted mobility, and lack of future prospects. This highlights the importance of recog­ nizing mental health not as an isolated issue but as an outcome of structural and geopolitical conditions that shape everyday life in displacement contexts. The analysis further shows that humanitarian governance in Cox's Bazar has evolved into a system of containment that sustains life while simultaneously constraining agency and dignity. Although humanitarian interventions have been critical in preventing large-scale catastrophe, they have also institutionalized dependency and limited opportunities for self-reliance, reinforcing a cycle of vulnera­ bility. This paradox underscores a key limitation of current global re­ sponses, where humanitarian assistance substitutes for political resolution rather than complementing it. The findings also demonstrate that statelessness operates not only as a legal condition but as a lived experience of exclusion that profoundly shapes identity, belonging, and 7