Summary N.F., 20, fled from Rathedaung Township in Myanmar’s northern Rakhine State. She is single and alone in Bangladesh, depending entirely on humanitarian aid. ©Saiful Huq Omi, Counter Foto, Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, August 2019 9 This report finds that the NVC process violates customary international law as well as core human rights treaties to which Myanmar is a party, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, and may have contributed to the commission of genocide and crimes against humanity. The Rohingya are a predominantly Muslim ethnic minority group indigenous to Buddhist-majority Myanmar. Using a citizenship law entered into force in 1982, the government denies access to full citizenship for individuals who do not belong to “national” ethnic groups determined by the State. The State relies on an arbitrary and disputed list of 135 recognized national ethnic groups. As Rohingya are not among the “national ethnic groups” specified by the Myanmar government, the law effectively strips them of access to full citizenship rights. Over the years, successive governments in Myanmar also created a series of administrative “citizenship scrutiny” processes to progressively limit rights for Rohingya. The latest iteration of these processes is the NVC. N.F. holds a copy of her White Card issued by the Myanmar government. ©Saiful Huq Omi, Counter Foto, Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, August 2019