36 chapter one breathes, develops, acts, formulates, establishes, grows, is reproduced by, and bestows praise, punishment, rights and representation against an Other, or through the process of Otherizing. The relation of exclusion foundational to the concept of citizenship continues to shape its vertical and horizontal peripheries where stateless persons, asylum seekers, refugees, foreigners, temporary workers, guests and aliens are located. It is in the margins of citizenship, in the gaps of the juridico-political order, where the vulnerable and unwanted non-members of the nation-state reside. Yet, while the citizen and non-citizen, or the member and nonmember, are characterized here as juridico-political categories, they are not to be considered as assemblages or groups. As Jacques Ranciére writes: Man and citizen do not designate collections of individuals. Man and citizen are political subjects. Political subjects are not definite collectivities. They are surplus names, names that set out a question or a dispute (litige) about who is included in their count (Ranciére 2004, 303). Where the line separating one life from another is drawn is key. To Ranciére, “politics is about that border.” What is present, and nominally representable, is structurally shaped by what is absent. These gaps, breaches and cracks in the juridico-political continuum of state-membership simultaneously serve as a blueprint for and affect citizenship, as both a status and a practice. For instance, citizenship rights belonging to the citizen may be similar to (or, in some cases even identical to) those provided to the non-citizen, but they are not shared. Here we can imagine that the citizen and its Other are travelling on separate but attached roads. And although these roads may intersect and merge into a single road at times, placing the citizen and its Other exactly side-by-side, their relation to that road is not the same. In other words, the sphere of inclusion for the citizen is separate and autonomous but not detached from that of the noncitizen. Both figures are political subjects, within institutionalized parameters, and are co-created and Otherized by virtue of their political, legal, linguistic, social, economic and even psychological frameworks. It is this Otherizing effect of citizenship that this book attempts to deconstruct in the case of Israel. But rather than focusing on the Other that resides outside, or on the margins of, the citizenship regime, the aim here is to examine the dynamic of Otherizing that occurs within and through inclusion in the citizenship regime. So, while we can understand that the separate and autonomous sphere of inclusion for the citizen nevertheless remains connected with the non-citizen, we must also consider the relations of exclusion residing within citizenship itself. With this, the broader question of