94
colgan and Kolínský
encouraged to support one another and, in the case one group member is
unable to pay, the entire group is denied access to further funds. Exceptions are
made in extreme circumstances but in general the groups are encouraged to
provide financial aid to struggling members.6
The programme was initially focused solely on women, however, recently
the remit has been extended to include males. It is also worth noting that the
programme includes near-by communities up to 5 km outside the camps.
Nepal is one of the poorest countries in the world and the exclusion of local
Nepalese settlements could have created tension. As it is, relations between
the camps and the locals are quite amicable.7
Despite the precarious nature of its clientele, the BRWF has been remarkably
successful, boasting repayment rates of over 91% throughout its operation.
Examples of successful enterprises are barbershops, snack stands, and handicraft production. The high repayment rate is particularly surprising given
that the programme focuses on the most impoverished households. In order
to participate in the programme, households must meet certain eligibility
criteria, which limits access to more well-off households. Single-headed
families, children-headed families, the elderly, those who suffer from chronic
illness, and large families are all examples of households which meet the eligibility criteria.8
5
Other Prospective Contexts: Stateless Roma and the Bidoon
For the most part, the conditions in Nepal are highly suited to the application
of a microfinance programme. However, the potential for microfinance to help
alleviate the poverty induced by statelessness can be applied to a number of
other cases.
For example, European Roma could benefit from microfinance. In Serbia,
the country with the largest stateless Roma population in Europe, they cannot
be formally employed nor are they eligible for social support. Their options are
thus reduced to seasonal or informal jobs, collecting scrap materials, or living
off social assistance of those members of their families who are eligible for it.9
These limitations result in prevailing poverty. 75% of Serbian stateless cannot
6
7
8
9
Interview with Mr. Nar Bahadur Subedi of the BRWF (19 August 2013).
Ibid.
Ibid.
Interview with Ms. Milijana Trifković of Praxis, a Serbian NGO focused on human rights
(30 July 2013).
tilburg law review 19 (2014) 90-97