EXCLUDED FROM take examinations or access their final grades. As a result, even if they manage to attend school, children without documentation are at higher risk of being forced to drop out or not being able to graduate later on. Several parents also said they could not obtain transcripts from schools in areas of origin, which also prevented them from accessing education in areas of displacement. HEALTHCARE People without papers are also being denied full access to healthcare. According to the Ministry of Health in Baghdad, with the exception of inpatient treatments, access to health care and medical assistance does not officially require civil documentation.xvii Unfortunately that is not the practise in reality. While civil IDs were not required for routine medical visits, interviews conducted with both residents and health officials in Ninewa, Anbar and Salah Al-Din nearly unanimously reported that the civil ID is required for surgeries or major procedures. Some residents of Mosul believed that civil ID, in addition to a housing card, is required for emergency procedures. Almost a quarter of people without documentation in Anbar, Ninewa, and Salah Al-Din reported being denied access to healthcare.xviii This was found to be particularly acute in Ninewa, where 36% of those reporting missing documentation being denied access to healthcare, compared with 14% in Anbar. Iraqis interviewed also pointed to the cost of healthcare as an additional barrier, on top of the general lack of functional healthcare facilities in Ninewa and medical supplies available in Salah Al-Din. More than 90% of those who reported being denied access to healthcare said that the civil ID was necessary for surgery and complex procedures or treatment. PUBLIC SERVICES AND INSTITUTIONS | 13 CHILDREN’S HEALTH Paperless people are not even able to give birth to their children in a hospital, or obtain birth certificates. While there was variance across governorates in regards to the combination of civil documentation required to deliver in a hospital, the civil IDs of both the newborn’s father and mother was unanimously cited as a requirement, as well as a state-issued marriage certificate, if the civil IDs did not have the updated marital status. In Salah Al-Din, some members of the focus group discussion said that the four primary IDs - civil, national, PDS, and residency cards - are required to give birth in a hospital. xix One respondent in Mosul pointed out that medical professionals may even draw suspicion of perceived affiliation with IS against individuals or a couple who showed up at the hospital without documentation. WOMAN UNABLE TO GIVE BIRTH IN A MOSUL HOSPITAL Eman, a woman from west Mosul whose husband was missing, could not give birth in two different hospitals because she did not possess a valid civil ID or a marriage certificate. She was questioned about whether her husband was affiliated with IS or if her child was conceived outside of a marriage. The hospital staff also threatened to keep her new born in the hospital until the father presented himself. Eman gave birth at home without a doctor or midwife for support. Her daughter, Abeer, is now more than a year old and still does not have a birth certificate or any other form of ID. Her daughter recently fell ill and Eman wanted to take her to a hospital in one of the camps, hoping they had less stringent documentation requirements. However, she was unable to pass through the checkpoint on the way to the camp.