mismanagement at NIRA, continuing on the current path is a recipe for disaster. Section 69 (5) of the Registration of Persons Act, which states that the renewal of the NIC should be on application by the holder, will likely have to be amended, as will NIRA regulations that stipulate that an NIC expires after 10 years. 4. 76 (ii) To commission an independent cost-benefit analysis that gives a full and honest accounting of all the money spent on the Ndaga Muntu system since its inception versus the benefits already realized and realistically to be expected in the near future. Such a cost-benefit analysis should ideally be undertaken by an institution removed from the political debate on Ndaga Muntu itself and without a stake in its outcome. The cost-benefit analysis should incorporate not just the perspective of the government, as the main investor in the system, but also of individuals who are the ‘end users’ of the system, including by considering exclusion and impact on their human rights as a ‘cost’. What is more, it is important that both the process of designing and conducting the cost-benefit analysis as well as the eventual final analysis are open to scrutiny by the public, publicly available and as transparent as possible; (iii) To conduct a full and thorough analysis of the operational changes that are necessary, including the funding needed to enable such changes, to make registration for Ndaga Muntu, receiving a NIN and NIC and replacing an NIC easy, free, and universally accessible; (iv) To create a detailed strategy and operational plan that sets out how NIRA will be able, in terms of capacity and funding, to register every birth and death in Uganda and make the issuance of birth and death certificates easy, free and universally accessible. The design and implementation of the plan should be open to public scrutiny and involve the participation of civil society organizations and affected communities. It is important to establish accountability mechanisms for Ndaga Muntu. Under Section 83 of ROPA, NIRA was meant to set up an ‘identification and registration committee’ to “adjudicate over matters arising and or related to registration” under ROPA. NIRA is also required by Section 83 of ROPA to publish general rules and guidelines to be used by this committee, the decisions of which can be appealed before the High Court. As of writing this report, however, we have not been able to ascertain whether this committee has ever been set up, whether it has published general rules or guidelines and whether it has dealt with any complaints or questions. We urge NIRA and the government of Uganda to set up the committee, publish the general rules and guidelines to be used by this committee, and communicate these guidelines and processes to the general public. The setting up of the committee and its general rules and guidelines should be open to a public consultation. It will be essential that the committee will establish an easy, free, and universally accessible complaints procedure that can deal with instances of exclusion and human rights violations in the context of Ndaga Muntu and that regularly publishes detailed statistics on Chased Away and Left to Die