population of the West Bank, effectively ghettoizing the local population in areas with better, though often not adequate, access to water, mostly in Areas A and B.”178 It is also transparent that this coercive environment is intentionally engineered by Israel, which was highlighted by a fact finding mission of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights when it stated: “[t]he denial of water is used to trigger displacement, particularly in areas slated for expansion, especially since these communities are mostly farmers and herders.”179 The West Bank therefore provides a chilling example of how specific systems and policies governing water resources can be engineered to bring about forcible transfer. Quarries One of the most important natural resources in the oPt is stone. Indeed, the stone industry is the largest industry in the oPt, “compos[ing] 7 percent of the annual GDP and [providing] around 20,000 jobs” according to the Palestinian Union of Stone and Marble industry.180 Almost all Palestinian quarries and stone crushers181 are located in the West Bank. These quarries mainly produce building stones, uncut stone blocks and decorative stones.182 After 1967, Israel started imposing a set of restrictive measures to limit Palestinian economic growth, some of which specifically targeted the quarrying and stone crushing industry.183 These policies can be divided into two categories: those that facilitate the exploitation of Palestinian natural resources through the establishment of several Israeli quarries in the West Bank;184 and those that deny access to natural resources through restrictive Israeli permit policies and 178 Id., 306. 179 Id., 303. 180 Decolonizing Architecture Art Residency (DAAR), “Extraction,” n.d., available at: http://www. decolonizing.ps/site/extraction/ [accessed 21 August 2017] [hereinafter DAAR, “Extraction”]. 181 There are two kinds of stone crushers: ‘integrated crushers’ which are located at quarries and crush stones after they are removed from the ground, and ‘recycling crushers’ which break down waste from stone and marble quarries. See, Union of Stone & Marble, The Aggregates Industry on the West Bank: A Consultation Paper, December 2011, 3, http://www.usm-pal.ps/en-all/resources/the_ aggregates_industry_on_the_westbank.pdf [hereinafter USM, The Aggregates Industry]. 182 DAAR, “Extraction,” supra note 180. 183 Basim Makhool and Mahmoud Abu-Alrob, Quarrying, Crushing and Stone Industries in Palestine: Current Situation and Prospects, Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute, April 1999, 3, available at: http://www.mas.ps/files/server/20141811122117-1.pdf 184 Ali Abunimah, “End All Business in Israeli Settlements, Says Human Rights Watch,” The Electronic Intifada, 19 January 2016, available at: https://electronicintifada.net/blogs/ali-abunimah/end-allbusiness-israeli-settlements-says-human-rights-watch [accessed 21 August 2017]. 49