poverty which are further compounded by inadequate or non-existent health, education, transportation and sanitation amenities.240 Israel has impeded the provision of these basic necessities, greatly compromising the quality of life and thus creating a coercive environment. Essentials such as eggs, meat and dairy products require permits in order to enter the seam zones,241 while gas for cooking and heating is prohibited completely in some of the seam zones.242 The withholding of these necessities results in particular hardship for women, as they are generally in charge of cooking and housework.243 Water is provided in insufficient amounts, similar to the rest of the West Bank. However, humanitarian organizations aiming to provide additional water supplies have a particularly difficult time accessing the seam zones. At the same time, Israel denies Palestinians permission to build basic water infrastructure.244 Public transportation has been completely cut off, as buses are denied access.245 Other municipal vehicles, such as those that empty sewage tanks, are sometimes turned away at the checkpoints.246 The checkpoints, located both in and around the Wall and the seam zones themselves, have also become instrumental to the denial of education services. The Palestinian Ministry of Education has been prevented from effectively delivering textbooks and furniture to schools within the seam zones.247 Students and teachers residing in seam zones (or who study/teach at schools located within them) have encountered daily difficulties reaching their classrooms. As a result, children and teachers may be late, or classes may not start on time or at all.248 Checkpoint crossings also expose Palestinians, especially the children to humiliation and harassment at the hands of Israeli soldiers. This has particularly affected education access for female students, as some families have taken their daughters out of school or encouraged them to not finish in order to protect them from potential altercations.249 240 Hamoked, The Permit Regime, March 2013, 97, available at: http://www.hamoked.org/ files/2013/1157660_eng.pdf 241 OCHA oPt, 10 Years Since the International Court of Justice (ICJ) Advisory Opinion, 9 July 2014, 6, available at: https://www.ochaopt.org/sites/default/files/ocha_opt_10_years_barrier_report_ english.pdf 242 Women’s Centre for Legal Aid and Counselling (WCLAC), Life Behind The Wall: Voices of Women from the Seam Zone, Ramallah, 2010, 28, available at: http://www.wclac.org/english/userfiles/Life%20 Behind%20the%20Wall.pdf [hereinafter WCLAC, Life Behind The Wall]. 243 Ibid. 244 BADIL, Seam Zones, 6, supra note 238. 245 WCLAC, Life Behind The Wall, 28, supra note 242. 246 Ibid. 247 BADIL, Coercive Environments, 63, supra note 15. 248 BADIL, Seam Zones, 8, supra note 238. 249 WCLAC, Life Behind The Wall, 42, supra note 242. 69