A Guide to Litigating Identity Systems CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 6 BACKGROUND TO THE NATIONAL COURT DECISIONS 9 Madhewoo V. The State Of Mauritius And Anor 10 Justice K.S. Puttaswamy And Another V. Union Of India And Others 11 Julian J. Robinson V. The Attorney General Of Jamaica 12 Nubian Rights Forum And Others V. The Hon. Attorney General 13 Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 603 And Blas F. Ople V. Ruben Torres And Others 14 THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY SYSTEMS 16 Identity Systems’ Implications For The Right To Privacy 20 Uses Of Biometric Data: Profiling 32 Uses Of Biometric Data: Data Sharing With Security Agencies 34 Necessity And Proportionality Test: The Case Of Identity Systems 36 BIOMETRICS 40 What Is Biometric Information 40 Biometrics And Identity Systems 42 DATA PROTECTION AND NATIONAL IDENTITY SYSTEMS 48 Consent In Data Collection And Use 50 Function Creep And Identity Systems 53 Data Sharing 56 Multinational Involvement In Identity Systems 60 2