SOLVING STATELESSNESS • Do women have equal rights with men to confer nationality on their children? • Do women have equal rights with men to acquire, change or retain their nationality? The methodology developed for Global Indicator 5.1.1 should also measure the extent to which these laws are implemented. To this end it should consider, for example, whether laws and regulations require the promotion of awareness of legal and policy developments granting women equal rights with men to confer nationality on their children or with regard to the acquisition, change and retention of nationality. The Global Indicators for SDG 10, Target 10.3 and SDG 16, Target 16.b, are substantially the same: “Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law” (Global Indicators 10.3.1 and 16.b.1). Both are envisaged to fall within Tier III. If Global Indicators 10.3.1 and 16.b.1 are the only Global Indicators used to measure progress of Targets 10.3 and 16.b respectively, it is difficult to see how they could be used to effectively address statelessness. The current formulation of these Global Indicators rests on the assumption that individuals who experience discriminatory treatment are in a position to report the mistreatment and, in fact, take the opportunity to do so. Stateless people are frequently denied any standing in society, legally or socially. This lack of any formal legal status in the countries in which they live means that they rarely come forward to complain of their mistreatment for fear of being identified, detained or deported.73 In the case of individuals living in a protracted situation of statelessness or whose statelessness is inherited from previous generations, the discriminatory law or policy that rendered them stateless may have been in existence for years and the discrimination that they face may be highly structural in nature. Basing measurement of Targets 10.3 and 16.b on whether an individual “personally feels” discriminated against may not help stateless persons who have been discriminated against their entire lives and who may not even know that the treatment that they are experiencing is discriminatory. Given that Targets 10.3 and 16.b are both concerned with eliminating discriminatory laws, policies 73 See, UNHCR, Mapping Statelessness in the United Kingdom, supra n26, pp. 24–25. 65