South Asia State of Minorities Report 2019 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), is obliged to register all births—a duty affirmed in the Births and Deaths Registration Act 2004 which is applicable to everyone including ‘any foreigner living in Bangladesh and also any refugee taking shelter in Bangladesh’.27 While all Rohingya children born in Bangladesh therefore have the legal right to a birth certificate, for the children of unregistered Rohingya living outside the camps, this is still not possible. This in in clear violation of Bangladesh’s responsibilities in international law, including the provisions of the CRC (Article 7) and ICCPR (Article 24). The exclusion of many Rohingya children from formal registration has been in evidence for many years and has played a major role in the crisis of statelessness that Rohingya in Bangladesh face today.28 Human Rights and Security Unsurprisingly, Bangladesh has struggled to cope with the scale of the crisis that has unfolded since 2017 and the influx of large numbers of Rohingya refugees into the country. Consequently, hundreds of thousands of Rohingya continue to face acute humanitarian and protection needs. Reports of illicit or unauthorised activities within and outside the camps have also resulted in a heavy-handed and at times indiscriminate security response from authorities, with frequent reports of extrajudicial killings by human rights groups.29 Registered Rohingya living in recognised camps are also not permitted to move freely. Local authorities have enforced tight restrictions on Rohingya movement in Teknar, Ukhiya and other areas of Cox’s Bazaar, to the extent that even Bangladeshi citizens have to carry national identity cards in these areas. These restrictions impact heavily on economic livelihoods and even, for unregistered refugees, the ability to access relief assistance. Rohingya working illegally face the constant threat of 27 Bangladesh National Government, The Births and Deaths Registration Act, 2004, Act No. 29 of 2004, Chapter 2(1n). 28 Amal de Chickera, ‘Statelessness and identity in the Rohingya refugee crisis’, Humanitarian Practice Network, October 2018. 29 For example, see Amnesty International, ‘Stop extrajudicial executions of Rohingya refugees and end restrictions to their freedom of movement’, November 4, 2019. 28