Introduction Assistance from international donor agencies and organisations in the Bhutanese refugee camps has been extensive ever since the arrival of the refugees in early 1990s. However, as the refugee population began to shrink with the launch of the third-country resettlement programme, most donors have now withdrawn their services from the camps. Funding for the Tibetan settlements comes from the Central Tibetan Administration based in India along with several international donor agencies. As a result of their refugee status, both groups of refugees report being cut off from economic opportunities in Nepal. Relations with local communities are cordial but unlike in the case of the Bhutanese, Tibetan refugees report facing restrictions in voicing their political opinions, increasingly so over the years. Even peaceful protests are met with police interventions. In addition, there is also some reportage of deportation of Tibetan refugees by Nepali authorities. There have been instances in the past when the refugees have been barred from celebrating the birthday of their spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama. They also claim that they are also under high police surveillance around 10 March every year, the national uprising day in Tibet. Most recently, the Tibetan refugees report to have been under strict surveillance and monitoring during the Chinese president’s visit to Kathmandu in October 2019. Pakistan Pakistan is a highly diverse country, specifically in terms of religious beliefs. According to available statistics, as recorded by the National Identity Card (NIC) registrations, the Hindu community is the largest religious group after Muslims, with 1.4 million adherents. Second is the Christian community with 1.3 million followed by Ahmadiyas, declared to be non-Muslims in the 1970s, of whom there are 125,681. Over 33,000 Pakistanis are followers of the Baha’i faith, 6,146 of Sikhism, and over 4,000 are Zoroastrians, or Parsis. Lastly, around 1,500 Pakistanis have declared themselves Buddhists. The constitution of Pakistan states that the minorities are subject to the principles of ‘democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice as enunciated by Islam’. This has an effect of alienating those belonging to other faiths, since such a clause, at best, gives xli