South Asia State of Minorities Report 2019 a state of uncertainty. The Jammu and Kashmir State government had announced a rehabilitation policy for the group, along with their families, promising rehabilitation, citizenship and essential documents, besides education, employment and financial assistance in 2010—which is yet to materialise until now. Sri Lankan Tamil refugees have been granted citizenship and the receptive Tamil Nadu government has been providing ration cards and free access to government hospitals as well as some monetary aid. However, problems persist as the aid is inadequate and they are unable to find gainful employment. Pakistani Hindus and Bangladeshi Hindus in India live in squalid camps with no sanitation facilities or reliable electricity. Local NGOs and social workers have had to step in in the absence of tangible action by the state or national governments. One nonMuslim group that has received local pushback in India has been Hindus from Bangladesh, whose presence is resisted in the state of Assam, where influential student organisations have spearheaded a campaign since 1978 against the ‘invasion’ of Assam by ‘landhungry Bengali immigrants’. Afghan refugees do not live in camps and there are a few significant government measures for Afghan nationals in India. Those registered with UNHCR are able to live and find work in the informal economy, and also access government healthcare and education system. A notable government initiative has been the announcement of scholarships for 1,000 Afghan students to study in Indian universities. Rohingyas are among the most harshly treated groups in India. Most Rohingyas live in camps with squalid conditions and report exploitation at the hands of locals. Yet, Rohingyas have also been the target of state ire as they have been forced by Indian authorities to return to Myanmar, even without any guarantee of improved situation for them in that country. While in the past, Indian courts have upheld the principle of non-refoulement, the Supreme Court did not intervene in one case involving the deportation of Rohingya. Furthermore, the recent rise in anti-Muslim rhetoric across the country since the assumption of power by the BJP, has resulted in increased hostility among the local population about the presence of the Rohingya in India. xxxviii