Exploring the Interface Between Birth Registration and Citizenship Determination: A Scoping Study in Seven Countries in Southern Africa Contents Abstract2 Acknowledgment4 1. Introduction 5 2. Methodology 7 3. Literature Review 9 a. International Human Rights Obligations 9 b. Legal Concepts: Citizenship and Birth Registration 10 4. Findings of Country Research 14 a. CRVS System Strengthening Efforts and Linkage to ID 14 b. Documentation of Citizenship Determination at Birth Registration 14 c. Legal Basis for Citizenship Determination at Birth Registration 17 d. Implications of Citizenship Determination at Birth Registration 19 e. Rationale for Intertwining Birth Registration and Citizenship Determination 22 5. Conclusion25 Annex 1: Questionnaire for Country Interviews 27 Endnotes29 3