Category G [Unknown or stateless parents] Persons whose parents are unknown or are stateless (Sample cases from Philippines, Thailand/China) Category G covers statelessness of children that could arise when their parents are unknown or stateless and they cannot acquire the nationality of their parent(s) (and their acquisition of Japanese nationality by birth is not recognized by the Japanese authorities). < Case 13 > involves a person born in Japan out of wedlock to a woman who appears to be Filipino and who ended up in statelessness as the woman/the biological mother disappeared after delivery and he or she cannot establish his or her legal descent from the woman. < Case 14 > is about a person who was born in Japan to a woman of unknown nationality who was rendered stateless as he or she could not have his or her biological father of Japanese nationality recognize his paternity over him or her before turning 20 years old, and the nationality of his or her mother remained unknown. 1. Case summary （1）< Case 13> A Child born in Japan whose parents cannot be identified A was born in Japan out of wedlock to a woman who appeared to be Filipino, but the mother disappeared when he or she was small, and A had been under the care of a friend of his or her mother. Subsequently, A came under the care of a child welfare institution through the Child Custody Centre and has been living there since then. A had been living without a resident permit, but at age 17 A appeared at an immigration bureau and received special permission to stay,194 with the nationality indicated by the bureau being “Filipino”. However, it is almost impossible to definitively identify A’s biological mother, who is likely Filipino, at this point in time; thus, A cannot confirm his or her Filipino nationality at the Filipino embassy and remains stateless. （2）< Case 14 > A person born in Japan whose legal father is unknown and mother’s nationality is unknown B was born in Japan to C, the father of Japanese nationality, and D, the mother whose nationality is unknown. C and D were not legally married, and C had not formally recognized his paternity over B. D, B’s mother, has heard from her parents that she was born in Yunnan province in China and migrated to the north-east area of Thailand when she was small. However, the family had no documents whatsoever to prove the Chinese nationality of D’s parents or D herself. D’s family had been living as foreigners in Thailand with a temporary permit to 194 ICRRA Article 50 (1). On Special Permission to Stay, see supra note 122. 95