TABLE OF CONTENTS
LEGEND .................................................................................................................................................... 9
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 16
Chapter 1 : GENERAL INFORMATION.......................................................................................... 22
Section 1: Situations relating to statelessness in Japan........................................................ 22
1. Japanese law and criteria for the determination of statelessness ............................. 22
2. Existing statistics relating to statelessness ...................................................................... 30
Section 2: The definition of statelessness in international law .......................................... 39
1. Definition and legal requirements of statelessness in the 1954 Convention ......... 39
2. Burden of proof in establishing statelessness ................................................................. 42
Chapter 2: SAMPLE CASE ANALYSIS ............................................................................................ 44
Section 1: Categories of persons whose statelessness or risk of statelessness arose
while in Japan ................................................................................................................................... 44
Category A [Conflict of laws] Persons who did not acquire by birth the nationality of
their parents or the nationality of their country of birth due to conflict of laws (Sample
cases from Paraguay and Myanmar) ...................................................................................... 44
Category B [State succession] Persons whose country of previous nationality has
gone through State succession who cannot have their possession of the nationality of
the successor State or the predecessor State confirmed (Sample cases from Ethiopia
and Eritrea).................................................................................................................................... 54
Category C [Consulate denial I (Refugees)] Persons unable to have their birth
registered or a passport issued, etc., due to rejection by relevant consular authorities
(or inability to pursue such assistance) for refugee related reasons (Sample cases from
Myanmar, Cameroon, and China)............................................................................................ 62
Category D [Consulate denial II (Persons similarly situated as refugees)] Persons
unable to have their birth registered or a passport issued, etc., due to rejection by
relevant consular authorities (or inability to pursue such assistance) for reasons
6