EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 9 2. UNRWA could work towards improving its approach to cross-cutting issues. UNRWA requires coherent and consistent structures across the organisation to further strengthen its gender architecture and to prevent gender from being ‘projectised’ or siloed within one programme area. The organisation also requires an explicit policy and/ or strategy regarding its approach to addressing environmental sustainability and climate change. There is limited evidence that a commitment to environmental sustainability informs interventions at the programmatic level. 3. UNRWA could become more strategic in how it manages its workforce. The agency could benefit from a strategic human resources strategy that not only remains considerate of the uncertainties and increasing security risks faced by staff, but also is more forward-looking as to the need to reconfigure staff resources and the changing skills mix which will enable UNRWA to best navigate the uncertain path to deliver on its mandate. 4. UNRWA’s delivery of a protection agenda could be further advanced. As the Agency considers the best methods to embed a protection agenda, it faces a deteriorating situation in many of its field offices in which the agenda to date has been largely projectised. The Agency should consider the ways (including practical reporting) that suit an environment of very limited programme budget allocation for staffing and resources to further protection. METHODS OF ANALYSIS The assessment of performance covers the UNRWA’s headquarters and regional and country field presence. It addresses organisational systems, practices and behaviours, as well as results achieved during the period May 2017 to mid-2018. It relies on three lines of evidence: a review of 150 documents, interviews with 89 staff members at headquarters and field offices, and an online survey among partners in all field areas. The MOPAN 3.0 methodology entails a framework of 12 key performance indicators and associated micro-indicators. It comprises standards that characterise an effective multilateral organisation. MOPAN conducted the assessment with support from IOD PARC, a consulting company located in the United Kingdom that specialises in resultsbased performance assessment in international development. Denmark and Switzerland acted as the institutional lead countries, representing MOPAN members in this assessment process.