FIG 2.1. a SECURITY-BASED DEPRIVATION OF NATIONALITY, GLOBAL, 2020 21% 40 countries GLOBAL NO deprivation 17% 28% 32 53 deprivation on 1 ground 24% 10% 46 deprivation on 2 grounds 19 deprivation on 3 grounds deprivation on 4 grounds 79% deprive on at least 1 security ground FIG 2.1. b SECURITY-BASED DEPRIVATION OF NATIONALITY, BY WORLD REGION, 2020 1 ground NO deprivation 2 grounds 3 grounds 4 grounds #/% of countries 12% AFRICA 10% 35% 31% 12% 5 17 15 6 6 14% 29% AMERICAS EUROPE 6% MENA 1 26% 1 9 10 21% 19% 31% 26% 9 8 13 11 30% 24% 14 11 17% 3 6% 1 3% 26% 1 13% 12 6 28% 44% 5 8 2% 7% 3 DISLOYALTY FIG 2.2 TYPE OF SECURITY-BASED DEPRIVATION OF NATIONALITY, % OF COUNTRIES, 2020 GLOBAL 5 10 ASIA & THE PACIFIC 29% Disloyalty and treason Other offences 68% 41% Service in foreign army Other service to a foreign country 39% 37% Loss of nationality due to disloyalty refers to any behaviour or offence that is based on a concept of disloyalty or harm to the interests or security of the state – a category that may include acts of treason or terrorism against the state. For example, in Lithuania, people who acquired nationality on certain grounds can be deprived of nationality if they (attempted to) commit or prepared certain international crimes such as aggression, genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, or criminal acts against the state of Lithuania. Or in Saudi Arabia, nationality can be withdrawn from a “naturalized individual [who] performed or contributed in any operation that disturbs the public security inside the Kingdom”. The scope and content of provisions that allow for the loss of nationality due to disloyalty is discussed in detail in Section 3. 9