Benchmarking the Protection against Statelessness
Table 1
S01
S02
S03
S04
S05
S06
S07
S08
S09
S10
S11
S12
S13
S14
S15
S16
S17
297
Comparative Typology: Persons at Risk of Being or Becoming Stateless
Children born in a country who would otherwise be stateless
Foundlings found in a country of unknown parentage
Persons born to a citizen of a country (birth in that country)
Persons born to a citizen of a country (birth abroad)
Persons who are recognized refugees
Stateless persons or persons with unclear citizenship who are not covered by
any other mode of protection against statelessness
Persons who voluntarily renounce the citizenship of their country
Persons who reside outside the country of which they are a citizen
Persons who render services to a foreign country
Persons who render military service to a foreign country
Persons who are disloyal to the country of which they are a citizen or whose
conduct is seriously prejudicial to the vital interests of that country
Persons who commit other (criminal) offences
Persons who have acquired citizenship by fraud
Persons whose descent from a citizen is annulled or who are adopted by a
citizen of another country
Persons who change their civil status due to marriage with a citizen of
another country or dissolution of a marriage with a person holding the same
citizenship
Persons whose spouse or registered partner loses citizenship of a country
Children whose parents lose citizenship of a country
In addition, we define precise international norms, which serve as the benchmark to assess for each mode whether states provide sufficient protection
against statelessness.8 These norms are listed at the top of each ‘overview by
mode’ in the online database (with hyperlinks to relevant provisions) and
also at the beginning of each relevant part in Chapter 4 of the comparative
report – the chapter where we analyse all 36 countries by individual mode of
protection against statelessness. For example, with regard to children born in a
country who would otherwise be stateless (mode S01) we define as relevant
norms the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, Articles 1 and 3;
the 1997 Convention on Nationality (ECN), Article 6(2); and the 1989 Convention
on the Rights of the Child, Article 7(1) in conjunction with Article 3(1).
8 These international standards are outlined in Chapter 2 of the EUDO report see (n 4).
tilburg law review 19 (2014) 294-302