millions. 5 More than 10 percent of coastal land—such as Cox’s Bazar—is predicted to be under water in the next 30 years. 6 When those living on the coasts or along rivers are displaced by flooding, erosion, and salinization of farmland, they often move inland to the cities—up to 2,000 people move to Dhaka, the capital, every day. 7 The relocation of refugees to the low-lying island of Bhasan Char is occurring as millions of Bangladeshis are retreating inland to escape rising waters. 8 Crimes against Humanity in Myanmar The Rohingya in Myanmar are effectively denied citizenship under the country’s 1982 Citizenship Law, leaving them and their children stateless and highly vulnerable to human rights violations. The 600,000 Rohingya remaining in Myanmar’s Rakhine State face severe repression and violence, confined to camps and villages without freedom of movement, and cut off from access to adequate food, medical care, education, and livelihoods. The squalid and oppressive conditions imposed on the Rohingya amount to the crimes against humanity of persecution, apartheid, and severe deprivation of liberty. 9 5 Robert Glennon, “The Unfolding Tragedy of Climate Change in Bangladesh,” Scientific American, April 21, 2017, https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/the-unfolding-tragedy-of-climate-change-in-bangladesh/ (accessed April 16, 2021). 6 Sarah Marsh, “On the Frontline of the Climate Emergency, Bangladesh Adapts,” The Guardian, January 8, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/08/on-the-frontline-of-the-climate-emergency-bangladesh-adapts (accessed April 20, 2021). Understanding the impact of climate change isn’t just a predictive exercise in Bangladesh— the Association for Climate Refugees found that six million Bangladeshis had already been displaced by climate hazards as of 2019. See UNICEF, A Gathering Storm: Climate Change Clouds the Future of Children in Bangladesh, April 2019, https://www.unicef.org/rosa/reports/gathering-storm (accessed April 20, 2021). 7 Poppy McPherson, “Dhaka: The City Where Climate Refugees are Already a Reality,” The Guardian, December 1, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/dec/01/dhaka-city-climate-refugees-reality (accessed April 20, 2021). 8 “A remote home for the Rohingya,” Reuters Graphics, December 31, 2018, http://fingfx.thomsonreuters.com/gfx/rngs/MYANMAR-ROHINGYA/010060Z21XP/index.html (accessed April 28, 2021). 9 A Human Rights Watch report based on over 60 interviews with Rohingya, Kaman Muslims, and humanitarian workers documented the inhuman conditions in the 24 camps and camp-like settings in central Rakhine State where approximately 130,000 Rohingya are currently being held. See Human Rights Watch, “‘An Open Prison without End’: Myanmar’s Mass Detention of Rohingya in Rakhine State,” October 8, 2020, https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/10/08/open-prison-withoutend/myanmars-mass-detention-rohingya-rakhine-state. “AN ISLAND JAIL IN THE MIDDLE OF THE SEA” 14