• • • • • different types of citizens, and use objective criteria to determine citizenship, such as descent, through which citizenship is passed through one parent who is a citizen or permanent resident. De-link ethnicity and citizenship, and citizenship and freedom of movement and other basic rights, so that these rights can be effectuated immediately, regardless of citizenship status or ethnicity. Allow unfettered access in Rakhine State for UNHCR and other humanitarian agencies, the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar (IIMM), the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, the UN special rapporteur on Myanmar, the media, diplomats, and rights observers, including to monitor the security of any returnees. Lift all arbitrary restrictions on freedom of movement for Rohingya, Kaman, and other minorities, and cease all official and unofficial practices that restrict their movement and livelihoods. Meaningfully engage Rohingya and Kaman communities, the UN, and international agencies to develop an updated strategy and implementation plan for the closure of the detention camps in central Rakhine State that ensures durable solutions, including freedom of movement, with clear timelines and procedures. Cooperate with and grant unfettered access to the IIMM and other UN mechanisms to facilitate credible, impartial, and independent investigations of security force abuses committed in Rakhine, Kachin, Shan, and Chin States, and other ethnic minority areas. Undertake credible and comprehensive efforts to enforce the provisional measures ordered by the International Court of Justice. To the United Nations • • • Insist upon immediate access to Bhasan Char before the monsoon season to conduct an independent technical assessment of the safety, disaster preparedness, and habitability of the island. Revisit Bhasan Char during monsoon season to conduct a follow-up assessment. Conduct a protection mission to the island including with professionals trained in supporting survivors of sexual assault. Continue unannounced spot visits to assess protection needs, including visits to police and detention facilities on the island. Account for all those who have been detained following attempts to leave the island. Raise concerns about the humanitarian and protection challenges that the refugees are currently facing on Bhasan Char and seek redress. 55 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | JUNE 2021