3.3.1 Competent authority..................................................................................................................................... 45
3.3.2 Procedural aspects......................................................................................................................................... 47
3.3.2.1 Initiation of the procedure.................................................................................................................. 47
3.3.2.2 Questions of proof................................................................................................................................ 47
3.3.2.3 Access to courts.................................................................................................................................... 48
3.3.2.4 Other procedural aspects................................................................................................................... 49
3.4 Rights of applicants and of stateless persons........................................................................................ 50
3.4.1 Rights of applicants during the procedures in which statelessness can be determined.............. 50
3.4.1.1 Detention................................................................................................................................................ 51
3.4.1.2 Expulsion................................................................................................................................................. 55
3.4.2 Rights of persons recognized as stateless................................................................................................ 56
3.4.2.1 The right to residence.......................................................................................................................... 57
3.4.2.2 The right to work................................................................................................................................... 61
3.4.2.3 The right to public relief...................................................................................................................... 62
3.4.2.4 Identification and travel documents............................................................................................... 64
3.4.2.5 Other rights guaranteed..................................................................................................................... 66
3.5 Conclusions and recommendations.......................................................................................................... 66
4. Reduction and prevention of statelessness........................................................................................ 69
4.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 69
4.2 National legal framework............................................................................................................................. 70
4.3 Acquisition and loss of nationality under the national legal framework and compatibility
with international standards....................................................................................................................... 71
4.3.1 Avoidance of statelessness at birth............................................................................................................ 72
4.3.1.1 Birth on the State’s territory............................................................................................................... 72
4.3.1.2 Birth outside the State’s territory...................................................................................................... 75
4.3.1.3 Foundlings.............................................................................................................................................. 75
4.3.1.4 Birth on a ship or aircraft.................................................................................................................... 76
4.3.2 Avoidance of statelessness upon change in civil status....................................................................... 76
4.3.3 Avoidance of statelessness in the context of renunciation of nationality........................................ 76
4.3.4 Avoidance of statelessness in the context of loss and deprivation of nationality.......................... 78
4.3.5 Reduction of statelessness........................................................................................................................... 81
4.3.5.1 Naturalization........................................................................................................................................ 81
4.3.5.2 Other modes.......................................................................................................................................... 83
4.4 Conclusions and recommendations.......................................................................................................... 84
5. Concluding remarks and recommendations....................................................................................... 86
Identification and registration of statelessness.......................................................................................... 87
Determination of stateless persons and the rights attached to the status.......................................... 88
Prevention and reduction of statelessness.................................................................................................. 88
U N H C R S TO C K H O L M , M AY 2 0 1 6
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