AC CES S TO E D U CATI ON, EMPLOYMENT, AND HE ALTHCA RE with physical, mental, and financial support, as well as to benefit from activities undertaken by civil society organizations receiving financial support from the Trust (in accordance with Section 22.3). Rohingya individuals with neuro-developmental disabilities should, where necessary, be entitled to benefit from the appointment of a guardian (either an individual or registered organization providing support to neurodevelopmentally disabled individuals) under the procedures defined under Section 23. Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council Act, 2010 and Code of Professional Conduct, Etiquette and Ethics S UMMARY This Act re-enacts and amends the Medical and Dental Council Act, 1960, providing for the establishment of the Medical and Dental Council, the statutory body responsible for setting the minimum requirements for becoming a licensed medical/dental practitioner/assistant and which has the power to revoke qualifications and discipline medical/dental practitioners in the case of fraud or malpractice. AP PL ICAB IL IT Y TO RO H I NGYA This Act applies to all hospitals, dental institutions, or other institutions which provide medical/dental training and degrees in Bangladesh and to all medical/dental practitioners registered to provide services in Bangladesh. P ROTECTIO N N OT ES In accordance with Section 5 of this Act, the Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council established by this Act is assigned with the duty of taking administrative and disciplinary action against persons practicing medicine/ dentistry without proper registration (Section 5.19) or using a fraudulent degree to register (Section 5.20). Furthermore, the Council has the duty to determine standards for professional conduct which must be adhered to by all medical/dental practitioners (Section 5.22).55 Individuals who practice medicine/dentistry without proper registration are subject to three years’ imprisonment, a fine of up to one lakh taka, or both (Section 22). Medical/dental practitioners found guilty of violating the prescribed Code of Professional Conduct may have their registration revoked by order of the Council (Section 23.1). In accordance with the Code of Professional Conduct, Etiquette and Ethics formulated and published by the Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council, medical/dental practitioners must, among other obligations: • Uphold one’s duty to the patient and not discriminate on the grounds of race, religion, sex, disability, custom, financial condition, nationality, or political belief (2.3.1). • Ensure patient consent/valid authority prior to carrying out any examination/investigation, providing treatment, or involving a patient in teaching/research activities (2.3.1). • Take all possible steps to alleviate pain and distress, even when a patient’s condition may not be curable (2.3.1). • Defend the interest of minors within one’s capacity as a medical/dental practitioner (2.3.1). • Respect patients’ right to privacy and the confidentiality of medical records (2.4). • Take prompt action to ensure that serious risks to patient safety, dignity, or comfort are alleviated (2.5.3). • Offer help if emergencies arise in clinical settings or in the community, taking account one’s own safety, competence, and the availability of other options for care (2.5.3). • Do not use one’s professional position to pursue a sexual or improper emotional relationship with a patient or someone close to them (2.8.1). 69 BE YOND REFU GE: ADVANCING LEG AL PROTECTIONS FOR ROHINGYA C OMMUNITIES IN BANGL ADESH