S856
COLUMBIA JOURNAL OF TRANSNATIONAL LAW
[56:S855
CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW ..................................... S869
A. The Challenges of War and Nationality:
World War II ............................................................... S870
B. Changes in Practice and New Regulations in
International Law ........................................................ S873
1. What It Meant to Have a Nationality .................... S875
i. Diplomatic Protection ..................................... S876
ii. Right of Entry ................................................. S878
2. The Relationship Between Nationality and
Citizenship ............................................................. S879
III. THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD AND THE ASSERTED
LAW OF CITIZENSHIP ........................................................... S880
A. The End of the Cold War and the Expanded
Role of UNHCR.......................................................... S882
B. The Stance of “Subsidiary Means” of Interpretation .. S885
1. UNHCR ................................................................. S885
2. Other Scholars ....................................................... S886
C. Contemporary State Practice and Opinio Juris ........... S888
1. State Practice ......................................................... S888
2. Opinio Juris ........................................................... S890
D. A Break in Process? International Institutions and
Scholars as Law-Makers ............................................. S892
1. The Legitimacy of an Overstatement of Law ........ S893
2. The Legitimacy of the Nationality-as-Citizenship
Overstatement ........................................................ S895
CONCLUSION ................................................................................. S897
INTRODUCTION
Statelessness is a condition by which an individual lacks a nationality. 1 The United Nations High Commissioner for Human
1. Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons art. 1, Sept. 28, 1954, 360
U.N.T.S. 117. To preface any discussion on nationality, it is important to distinguish legal
nationality, hereinafter defined, from “historico-biological” nationality, or membership in a
particular race or nation. Though historico-biological nationality may be relevant in legal
discussions regarding discrimination, this Note only investigates the history and implications
of legal nationality. See PAUL WEIS, NATIONALITY AND STATELESSNESS IN INTERNATIONAL
LAW 3 (2d ed., 1979).
Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2954729