Statelessness in Southern Africa within the relevant time limits the right may be lost. It may also be very difficult to fulfil the requirements in practice, especially where the country of the parents’ nationality has no diplomatic representation in their country of residence. For Mozambique, children born outside the country must declare their intention of remaining Mozambican within one year of majority (unless their parents were abroad in service of the state). The nationality law but not the Constitution also requires that they renounce any other nationality to which they are entitled.84 For Swaziland, a child born abroad of a father also born abroad must notify the authorities of his or her desire to retain Swazi citizenship within one year of majority; if this is not done, the person ceases to be a citizen.85 Namibian and South African children born abroad must only be registered with a consulate86 (this lesser requirement is not recorded in Table 3, though arguably this exclusion is too generous). Under its 2009 constitutional amendments, Zimbabwe requires birth registration in Zimbabwe of children born abroad (unless the parents were ordinarily resident in Zimbabwe or posted abroad on state duties).87 Table 3: Right to citizenship by descent Country Born in country Born abroad In wedlock Out of wedlock In wedlock Out of wedlock + Father (F) &/or Mother (M) is citizen + Father (F) &/or Mother (M) is citizen + Father (F) &/or Mother (M) is citizen + Father (F) &/or Mother (M) is citizen Angola Botswana F R R M = = F = = M = = F = = M = = F = = M = = Lesotho† R = = = Rx1 = = = Malawi R~ = = = Rx1~ = = = Mozambique R = = = C = = = Namibia R = = = = = = = South Africa R = = = = = = = Swaziland † R - R C* Rx1(C) - Rx1(C) C* Zambia R = = = = = = = R^ = = = = = = = Zimbabwe † = same as column to the left 84 Constitution 2004, Art.23(3); Lei da nacionalidade, 1975, Art.8(1). Constitution, 2005, Art.43(3). 86 Constitution 1990, Art.4; Citizenship Act No.14 of 1990, Art.2. 87 Constitution 1981, as amended 2009, Art. 6. 85 18 Legal provision (date of latest amendment in parentheses) L2005Art9 L1998(2004) Arts4&5 C1993Art38& 39 L1971Art5&6 L1966Arts4& 5 C2004Art23 L1975(1987) Art1 C1990(2010) Art4(1)(c)&(2 ) L1990Art2 L1995(2010) Art2 C2005Art43 L1992Art7 C1991(1996) Art5 C1981(2009) Art5&6 L1984(2003) Art5