Cite as: 582 U. S. ____ (2017) 5 Opinion of the Court By 1959, José attested in a June 21, 1971 affidavit presented to the U. S. Embassy in the Dominican Repub­ lic, he was living with Yrma Santana Montilla, a Domini­ can woman he would eventually marry. Id., at 57. In 1962, Yrma gave birth to their child, respondent Luis Morales-Santana. Id., at 166–167. While the record before us reveals little about Morales-Santana’s childhood, the Dominican archives disclose that Yrma and José mar­ ried in 1970, and that José was then added to Morales­ Santana’s birth certificate as his father. Id., at 163–164, 167. José also related in the same affidavit that he was then saving money “for the susten[ance] of [his] family” in anticipation of undergoing surgery in Puerto Rico, where members of his family still resided. Id., at 57. In 1975, when Morales-Santana was 13, he moved to Puerto Rico, id., at 368, and by 1976, the year his father died, he was attending public school in the Bronx, a New York City borough, id., at 140, 369.5 C In 2000, the Government placed Morales-Santana in removal proceedings based on several convictions for offenses under New York State Penal Law, all of them rendered on May 17, 1995. Id., at 426. Morales-Santana ranked as an alien despite the many years he lived in the United States, because, at the time of his birth, his father did not satisfy the requirement of five years’ physical presence after age 14. See supra, at 3–4, and n. 3. An immigration judge rejected Morales-Santana’s claim to citizenship derived from the U. S. citizenship of his father, and ordered Morales-Santana’s removal to the Dominican —————— Dominican Republic in 1916, and plans, beginning in late 1920, for withdrawal). 5 There is no question that Morales-Santana himself satisfied the five-year residence requirement that once conditioned a child’s acquisi­ tion of citizenship under §1401(a)(7). See §1401(b).