QUESTIONS FOR CRITICAL REFLECTION, DISCUSSION OR DEBATE • In what way might the reinstatement of citizenship, in 2019, for 551 Bahrainis who had previously been deprived of their nationality impact advocacy efforts to end the practice of nationality deprivation? What strategies could be used to ensure continued attention to this issue, seeing that many aspects of it are not yet resolved? • Do you believe victims of nationality deprivation should be compensated by the state and how? • Jawad Fairooz argued that there is still not enough pressure on Bahrain from the international community. What do you think the international community, including NGOs, should do in order to elicit real change in the situation in Bahrain? LEARN MORE… • In his lecture, Jawad Fairooz unpacks some advocacy efforts to end the practice of nationality deprivation. His organisation has initiated a campaign called ‘I am Bahraini’, emphasizing the fact that he, and all the other people who were stripped of their citizenship, are still Bahraini citizens. Reflect on their choice to use this phrasing when addressing the issue of nationality deprivation rather than using the term ‘stateless’. Explore similar campaigns on statelessness and/or on ending other civil and political rights violations (e.g. the death penalty). What messaging do they use and what messaging do you find powerful? • Research (an)other situation(s) in which human rights defenders have been targeted by deprivation of nationality. Why were human rights defenders targeted and on the basis of what law(s)?