orders and instructing the concerned government authority to take steps for the rehabilitation of those who live in the camps and have a national identity card. Despite this High Court verdict, on May 2017 Dhaka North City Corporation evicted Kashmiri Mohallah Camp in Section-11 Mirpur and in August 2017 they evicted two more camps in Pallabi, Mirpur. Now the camp residents are living under the open sky. Right to Health 31. Most Bihari camps are small with a large population. Every hut is 8 to 10 feet in camp and 8 to 10 family members are surviving within that hut. During the rainy session camps become flooded, which makes basic activities such as sleeping and cooking a challenge. There is no privacy between parents and other family members. Every day they are living with the threat of eviction and lack of adequate electricity supply or water facilities. 32. Lack of access to water and poor sanitation are common phenomenons in every camp across the country. For an example, Geneva camp, the largest camp among the 116 camps, is located in Dhaka with an area of 123000 square feet area populated by around 30000 people. The number of public toilets in Geneva Camp is 265 and most of them are dirty and have no doors. On average each toilet is used by 100 people, but nearly 50% are out of order, so the average number of people using each toilet is closer to 200. A growing trend in Geneva Camp is for families to build their own private toilets, but due to the cramped living conditions few have the space inside their homes. 33. Likewise, families prefer to have their own water pumps due to the long lines and overuse of public ones, yet because of the same space constraints few have had the ability to do so. As for the public water pumps, there is at least one in each sector of Geneva Camp with some of the larger sectors having two. The public pumps are not only used for water collection but also for bathing and clothes washing, which adds to congestion. Drinking water is carried from the pumps to individual homes in metal or plastic buckets and then stored in large drums near the stove or under the bed. The water gathered from the public taps in each sector is free of charge. Most of the camps in Dhaka do not have any gas connection, which makes the boiling of drinking water impractical, as the kerosene needed to boil water is expensive. Unclean water infects children with water-borne diseases; urinary tract infections affect women and girls. The lack of access to clean water makes it difficult for the people to maintain proper hygiene. Waste water created while cooking is typically dumped directly into the alleyways or into the infrequent aboveground drains, while solid-food waste is disposed of in intermittently available trash bins or in informal piles. All of these factors lead to poor levels of health within the Urduspeaking community. Right to Education 34. Although no formal restriction prevents access to government schools, camp addresses do cause problems for ‘Bihari’ children seeking admission. Although this appears to be changing, rules vary between institutions, and access is dependent on the attitudes of individuals in charge. More significantly, rampant discrimination within mainstream society as a whole, and continued bullying on the part of teachers and classmates alike continues to discourage attendance. Together with the lack of resources for school fees or materials, educational facilities thus remain inaccessible to the majority. There is no quota for the Bihari for education and public jobs like exist for other minorities and indigenous peoples in Bangladesh. 7

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