10 • Nongovernmental, community-based, and civil society organizations. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), civil society and community-based organizations (CSOs and CBOs) can play vital roles in the design and implementation of identification systems, including through advocacy activities, providing protection and legal assistance, spreading awareness, facilitating community consultations, empowering people to access identification or grievance redress mechanisms, and holding identity providers accountable. • International organizations, regional bodies, and development partners. International inter-governmental bodies, development and humanitarian agencies, foundations, and other donors often provide support for identification systems in the form of funding and technical assistance, and support the establishment of normative standards. Other international and regional bodies are also involved in setting standards related to identification, including those for cross-border interoperability and mutual recognition of credentials. In certain cases, development and humanitarian actors may also be identity providers or administer identification systems for specific programs or activities. In the case of refugees and asylum seekers, UNHCR may provide proof of legal or official identity on behalf of the host state under its mandate.