Exploring Atypical Citizenship Deprivation and Spillover Effects foregrounds the genuine link and predominant nationality tests as well as atypical citizenship deprivation by foreign states. 1 Background of Liu and Others v Norway In Norway, Taiwanese residents face a distinct challenge concerning their nationality designation on residence permits. These permits label them as being from ‘Kina’, meaning ‘China’ in Norwegian. Joseph Liu (a pseudonym), an international law student, responded to this issue by founding the campaign, ‘My Name, My Right’, in 2015 to address this nationality issue.69 Their primary goal was to legally challenge the Norwegian Government’s practice of labelling Taiwanese individuals as Chinese on residence permits. They argued that this violated their human rights, particularly the right to self-identify.70 Liu highlighted practical challenges stemming from this designation, including potential complications during interactions with immigration officers and police within Europe, where residence permits also serve as travel documents.71 In 2017, the Taiwanese participants of the campaign filed an appeal against the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (‘UDI’), 72 contending that such designation violated fundamental human rights. Despite their persistence, the appeal faced delays and was eventually dismissed by the Norwegian Immigration Appeal Board (‘UNE’) in March 2018.73 The UNE upheld the original decision, asserting that the Norwegian Government was obligated to adhere to the One-China policy of the EU and that this imposition did not infringe upon the rights or obligations of Taiwanese individuals.74 On 29 August 2019, a formal lawsuit was filed in the Oslo District Court against the UDI, the UNE, and the Oslo Police District. 75 The plaintiffs argued that marking their nationality as Chinese on residence permits violated their privacy rights, citing various legal provisions from the Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway (‘Constitution’), the European Convention on Human Rights (‘ECHR’), and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (‘ICCPR’). 76 They referenced arts 92 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 Taiwan: My Name, My Right’ (‘TWMNMR’) (Web Page, 2025) <https://twmnmr.com/>, archived at <perma.cc/7FFR-LFCT> (‘TWMNMR’). ibid. ibid. Utlendingsdirektoratet (‘UDI’) [Norwegian Directorate of Immigration], Klageoversendelse til Utlendingsnemnda (2 November 2017) [tr TWMNMR, <https://twmnmr.com/2017.11.02_UDI%20appeal%20result%20_English.pdf>, archived at <perma.cc/2ECF-FLKY>]. Utlendingsnemnda (‘UNE’) [Norwegian Immigration Appeals Board],) Søknad om fornyet oppholdstillatelse - student (, 28 February 2018) [tr TWMNMR, Appeal Decision, <https://twmnmr.com/2018.02.28_UNE-appeal-result_English.pdf>, archived at <perma.cc/EKX4-EYUF>]. ibid. Joseph Liu v Staten v/Utlendingsnemnda [Joseph Liu v the State by the Norwegian Immigration Appeals Board] (Stevning til Oslo Tingrett, (29 August 2019) [tr TWMNMR, Submissions to the Oslo District Court, <https://twmnmr.com/2019.08.29_Summons%20to%20the%20Oslo%20District%20Court_ English.pdf>, archived at <perma.cc/QQN7-P4NZ>] (‘Submissions to the Oslo District Court’) ibid, citing The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway (17 May 1814) (‘Norwegian Constitution’); Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, opened for signature 4 November 1950, 213 UNTS 221 (entered into force 3 September 1953) (‘ECHR’); International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, opened for signature 19 December 1966, 999 UNTS 171 (entered into force 23 March 1976) (‘ICCPR’). 115