• Model Governance Framework for Digital Legal Identity Systems of the United Nations Development Programme. https://www. governance4id.org/ • Universal Digital Public Infrastructure Safeguards Framework. https://www.dpisafeguards.org/ • UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Leaving No One Behind: Statelessness and the Sustainable Development Goals, 30 October 2025, https://www.refworld.org/reference/reports/ unhcr/2025/en/151191 • UNDP Model Governance Framework for Digital Legal Identity Systems, 2023, www. governance4id.org/ • UN Legal Identity Agenda, https://unstats. un.org/legal-identity-agenda/ • United Nations Network on Migration Guidance Note: The Intersection of Legal Identity and Return, Readmission, and Reintegration, 2025, https:// migrationnetwork.un.org/system/files/docs/ RRR%20LI%20Guidance%20Note%20 FINAL%20VERSION.pdf • “Use of digital technologies to achieve universal birth registration”, Human Rights Council, fifty-ninth session (July 2025). https:// www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematicreports/ahrc5961-use-digital-technologiesachieve-universal-birth-registration This brief note was produced by the Division of International Protection and Solutions, UNHCR, with contributions from the Regional Bureaux. Field examples were provided by the respective regional and country-level UNHCR bureaux and/or country operations. © UNHCR/Charity Nzomo Omari Kombo from the Pemba community in Mombasa, Kenya is overjoyed after getting his son’s birth certificate. He says it will help him get services. UNHCR continue to work and support the Government of Kenya through the Civil registration Services (CRS) to promote an inclusive access to birth registration, including late birth registration for local communities and stateless persons. 24 Birth registration of forcibly displaced and stateless persons