Figure 4.4.15. Proportion of individuals lacking a valid personal identity card in the RAE population aged over 16 by migration experience (%) 24,1 17 12,2 2,7 Have always lived in Serbia 7,4 6 Escaped Kosovo after 1999. Left Kosovo before 1998 Left Kosovo after 1999. Escaped from the former Yugoslav republics between 1991 and 1997 Returned from Western Europe In 2020, the regions of Belgrade and Southern and South-Eastern Serbia had above-average rates of individuals lacking identity cards when compared to the Serbian average: 10.3 percent of the RAE population of informal settlements in Belgrade did not have identity cards, as did 7.7 percent of those living in Southern and South-Eastern Serbia. Vojvodina and Western Serbia and Šumadija had below-average rates of 5.5 and 4 percent, respectively. Differences were also observed based on settlement type: the issue was at its most pronounced in slums, extremely deprived settlements, where 9.4 percent of all respondents lacked identity cards, followed by old inner city areas (partajas) at 8.2 percent. The proportion ranges from 4.1 to 5.9 percent in other types of settlements (poverty-afflicted villages, urban and suburban settlements, purpose-built settlements, collective housing, etc.). Figure 4.4.16. Share of RAE individuals lacking valid identity cards in the 16+ RAE population, by type of settlement (%) 9.4 8.2 5.9 5.5 6 4.1 90.6 91.8 94.1 94.5 94 95.9 SLAM Old inner city community Village new inner city community purpose-made settleme Collective residential buildings With ID card 32 PERSONS AT RISK OF STATELESSNESS IN SERBIA OVERVIEW OF CURRENT SITUATION AND THE WAY FORWARD Without ID card