in (whether it was ‘determination of citizenship’ or naturalisation). Slightly under one-quarter of those not registered as Serbian nationals (24 percent) reported either not going through any procedure but being rejected orally, or having undergone citizenship determination procedure. Another 6 percent reported no procedure had been initiated due to lack of funds. Nearly one-half of respondents who claimed they lacked citizenship registration (47 percent) reported being rejected due to not being registered in the civil register of births. Other reasons were cited by 35 percent, and a final 18 percent were unable to recall the exact reason. Figure 4.4.10. Did you undergo determination of citizenship or naturalisation procedure? (%) 35 24 24 11 Doesn’t know, Determination of Doesn’t remember citizenship 6 The procedure was conducted but I don’t know which one There was no There was no procedure, the procedure because request was I was not able to pay orally rejected the required fees 4.4.3 Permanent residence The key piece of legislation governing registration of permanent residence is the 2011 Law on Permanent and Temporary Residence, which allows individuals living in unlegalized homes in informal settlements to register the local Centre for Social Work (CSW) as their permanent residence. The arrangement has given these individuals the ability, for the first time, to obtain identity cards and gain access to basic rights once they had registered their permanent residence. The findings of this survey reveal that some residents of informal settlements still lack a registered permanent residence. These are more likely to be internally displaced persons from Kosovo and Metohija, which is not a surprising result. Inconsistent practice by CSWs is another possible reason for the increase in proportion of RAE individuals at risk of statelessness who lack permanent residence registration. To address this issue, continued efforts are needed to sensitise civil servants who come into direct contact with persons at risk of statelessness, as well as to enhance institutional capacity. This Survey found that 57 percent of persons at risk of statelessness lack permanent residence registration. This is an unprecedently high percentage: in 2010, the figure stood at 53 percent, and in 2015 - 38 percent of persons at risk of statelessness had no permanent residence registration. 28 PERSONS AT RISK OF STATELESSNESS IN SERBIA OVERVIEW OF CURRENT SITUATION AND THE WAY FORWARD