Caroline Nalule and Anna Nambooze 3. By Naturalisation: Other than by birth and descent, the only way one can acquire Tanzanian citizenship is by naturalisation. All persons that were previously citizens by registration were deemed to have been naturalised under the current law92. In order for one to be eligible for naturalisation one must be of full age and capacity, and, subject to renouncing any other nationality or citizenship93, they must also fulfil the following conditions: (a) Residence in the United Republic throughout the twelve months immediately preceding the application; (b) Residence in the United Republic for an aggregate period of not less than seven years in the ten years immediately preceding the application; (c) have adequate knowledge of Kiswahili or English (note that Arabic was deleted as one of the possible languages); (d) be of good character; (e) suitability as a citizen of Tanzania on the basis one’s past and potential contribution to the national economy, scientific and technological advancement and to the national social and cultural welfare; and (f) must have the intention to continue to reside permanently in the United Republic upon being naturalised. The procedure for naturalisation as a citizen is as follows94:(a) the applicant is required to fill in the prescribed form and submits the application to the Ward Executive Secretary or Sheha (the equivalent in the case of Zanzibar) where he or she resides; (b) the Ward Executive Secretary or Sheha submits the application to the District Immigration Office and the applicant pays a non-refundable submission fee95. (c) the applicant publishes a notice of his or her intention to apply for naturalisation in two consecutive issues of the Swahili and English Newspapers registered in Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar; (d) the applicant is sent to the District Commissioner for an interview with the District Defence and Security Committee, After this interview the application is examined in detail and the applicant will also be required to undergo finger print procedure at the Police Department in order to see if s/he has any criminal records. (e) Next, the application will be sent to the Regional Immigration Officer, who in turn forwards it to the Principal Commissioner of Immigration Services. In Zanzibar, the application will have to go through the second Vice-President for a recommendation before it is forwarded to the Principal Commissioner. (f) The Principal Commissioner examines the application and thereafter submits it to the Minister with a recommendation. The final decision lies with the Minister for Home Affairs. 92 TCA, section 30 (1) (b). Ibid, section 9 (3). 94 The United Republic of Tanzania, Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration Department https://www.immigration.go.tz/index.php/en/services/tanzania-citizenship, accessed on 11 August 2019. 95 Currently, going by the government website (ibid), the non-refundable fee payable for all naturalisation applications is USD 1500. If the application is successful, an additional USD3500 must be paid. 93 RSCAS/GLOBALCIT-CR 2020/6 - © 2020 Author(s) 13