⏵ Introduction On May 26, 2025, the Arakan Army (AA) fighters reportedly killed Brigadier General Kyaw Myo Aung, a Division 11 strategist, along with an army captain during clashes near Pyaing Si Kay village on the Kyaukphyu-Ramree road, where the AA had seized several junta positions defending a police battalion headquarters. The fighting still continues in Kyaukphyu, with the military using airpower, naval vessels, and ground troops in a race to hold the town. As of early 2025, the AA had gained control over the majority of Rakhine State, excluding only the capital city Sittwe, the port city Kyaukpyu and the island of Manuang. By December 2024, reports indicated the AA controlled 14 of 17 townships in Rakhine including all bordering Bangladesh and Paletwa Township in Chin State. Following the takeover of the towns, the AA is accused of committing atrocities on the civilians particularly the Ronhigyas. Md Zubair, chairman of Arakan Rohingya Society for Peace and Human Rights, said, Arakan Army is carrying out atrocities against the Rohingyas living in Rakhine State. Yanghee Lee, former UN special rapporteur on Myanmar, told Al Jazeera that there are authentic reports that indicate the AA has been targeting Rohingya civilians. While she emphasized that Myanmar's military has been the ‘main perpetrator’ of the violence over the community, from 2024 there has been an apparent shift in which the AA is also responsible for abuses. On December 20, 2024, the AA claimed to have overrun the Western Military Command in Ann Township, where clashes with junta forces were still ongoing in 2025. In January this year, the AA intensified operations near Sittwe, Kyaukphyu, and Manaung in which they exchanged artillery fire with junta troops. With the AA seizing control of the majority of the Rakhine State, our report highlights the atrocities committed against the Rohingya community. In view of these atrocities, this report documents crimes committed between April 2024 and January 2025. It highlights systematic human rights violations including the destruction of villages, sexual violence, forced conscription, and mass killings. 6