little regard for civilian lives. Beyond direct combat, the AA engaged in looting and other forms of violence against Rohingya villagers, further contributing to their suffering. ➔ Use of Aerial and Advanced Weaponry in the Attacks As the Arakan Army took control of Maungdaw, the Rohingyas started escaping the violence for their survival. However, a group from the community, fleeing to Bangladesh, were fatally struck by aerial attacks near the Naf River. On August 5, nearly 200 Rohingya people were reportedly killed following drone strikes and shelling on civilians fleeing fighting in Maungdaw town near the Bangladesh border. The assaults were reportedly carried out using homemade rockets, artillery, and drones targeting a motorboat and crowds gathered at the riverbank, killing many. A 54-second video uploaded by Radio Free Asia (RFA) shows bodies soaked in blood and scattered across the ground. According to RFA, sources confirmed to them that the Rohingyas were killed by a bomb fired by the Arakan Army as they attempted to cross into Bangladesh, fleeing intense clashes between the AA and junta forces in western Myanmar’s Rakhine State. This incident brought international condemnation from across human rights networks, activists, and organizations. For instance, in its statement, the Arakan Rohingya National Organization (ARNO) strongly condemned the brutal aerial attack and called upon the international UN security council and the International Criminal Court to take action on the AA. Similarly, the Rohingya Human Rights Initiative (ROHRIngya) strongly condemned the brutal aerial attack on Rohingya civilians fleeing violence in Rakhine, which have reportedly killed hundreds and injured many more. These deliberate assaults on vulnerable Rohingyas constitute grave human rights violations and must be met with immediate international action to protect civilians and deliver critical humanitarian aid. In its statement, the organization demanded an end to all targeted violence against the Rohingya and urged the global community to hold the perpetrators accountable for these atrocities. Our testimonies also reveal that the Arakan Army has, at times, employed similar tactics involving both aerial and ground assaults in their areas. Survivors who also come from the same town describe coordinated attacks that mirror the violence seen near the Naf River. For instance, 39