and attacked by both the AA and the Myanmar military. These attacks were part of a larger campaign of violence and intimidation aimed at the Rohingya people. The AA sought to establish control over the region, while the Myanmar military carried out targeted attacks against the Rohingya, whom they considered outsiders and a threat to their authority. The brutality inflicted upon the Rohingya community has also invited international condemnation, but it hardly impacts the AA and its crimes. On seeing the homes burned, civilians killed, and women subjected to sexual violence, the Arakan Rohingya National Organization (ARNO), in August 2024, stated that despite numerous warnings from rights organizations and the international community, it had hardly made any impact on the issue. Haroon’s (Name changed) Testimony Haroon (Name changed) unfolds that the AA infiltrated my village without warning, storming into homes and forcefully dragging people out. They beat villagers indiscriminately and harassed women and girls, creating an atmosphere of terror. We were threatened and ordered to evacuate immediately, with no regard for where we would go or how we would survive. They did not engage in any prior communication or negotiation with us before their sudden invasion. Once they entered, they declared that they would be using our village as a strategic position to fight against the Myanmar military. As a result, we, the Rohingya villagers, were given no choice but to leave homes behind. On the morning of the attack, the AA arrived in Kuandaung (Kwan Dine) heavily armed, carrying guns, ammunition, and various other weapons. They spread fear among the villagers, forcing people out of their homes and subjecting women and girls to harassment. Their only command to us was to leave as soon as possible, leaving us displaced, vulnerable, and with nowhere to go. We identified the perpetrators based on their uniforms, language, and behavior. The AA wears distinct uniforms different from those of the Myanmar 37