and in kind. Sometimes, they require direct payments, while other times, they demand goods such as food or forced labor. Additionally, those who resist extortion may be labeled as enemies or traitors, which exposes them to further retaliation, such as exclusion from essential services, targeted raids, or being falsely accused of collaborating with opposition groups. The constant fear of punishment forces many families to comply, even when they have no means to pay. From the beginning of this year, the AA has reportedly imposed new monthly taxes on Rohingya families residing in the AA-controlled territories. The AA visited the Rohingya villages in Maungdaw and Buthidaung and informed the Rohingya residents that homeowners would have to pay monthly taxes starting from this month. The estimated taxes imposed are between 5,000 and 10,000 kyats for homes, and between 20,000 and 50,000 kyats (approximately $10-23) for concrete buildings. It has been also found that the AA officials have threatened to act against those who refuse to pay the taxes. 26