2019 Statelessness & Citizenship Review 1(2) all the more important as a way to guarantee the enjoyment of the right to adequate housing. Other widely ratified treaties, including but not limited to, CEDAW, CRC and CRPD, further clarify states’ duties to specific populations regardless of nationality, and these groups often face challenges enjoying both the right to a nationality and the right to adequate housing. These obligations include respecting, protecting and fulfilling the right to adequate housing for all persons. To respect this right for stateless persons, states must comply with their immediate obligations to end discrimination in housing, end forced evictions carried out in violation of human rights principles and stop the destruction of homes, as these acts condemn stateless persons to further marginalisation and poverty. To protect this right, states must prevent and address discrimination by non-state actors, guarantee the non-discriminatory provision of services if not provided by the state and ensure that third-parties do not carry out forced evictions. Progressive realisation of the obligation to fulfil this right includes the development of national housing plans that target areas where there are large concentrations of stateless persons and the creation of avenues for remedy if the state fails to comply with its obligations through courts, national human rights institutions or local housing councils. 132 While these treaties recognise the interconnected nature of human rights, state policies and programs that aim to address the right to adequate housing often fail to consider the additional challenges presented by statelessness and vice versa. Without a recognised nationality, stateless persons are often unable to benefit from government programs designed to help those in inadequate or unstable living situations such as housing programs, subsidies and access to emergency shelter. Conversely, plans aimed at reducing statelessness have failed to consider how inadequate or informal housing can create challenges in qualifying for and participating in these programs. Facilitated naturalisation for stateless persons often requires the demonstration of lawful and habitual residence, which those living in informal settlements often cannot provide, as neither their presence nor their residence is considered legal. 133 Even if plans to address the right to adequate housing are successful, without holistic thinking, those benefiting might still be stateless and suffer accompanying discrimination, marginalisation and human rights violations, such as the right to education or the highest attainable standard of health. Similarly, if only addressing the right to a nationality, those benefiting might still live in segregated or substandard housing which provides its own basis for discrimination and its own challenges in the enjoyment of human rights, due to its isolated nature without access to services or opportunities and exposure to hazards. For persons living at the intersection of multiple human rights violations, solutions that are not comprehensive are hardly solutions at all. While numerous treaties recognise the interconnected nature of human rights violations and the identities of those most vulnerable to abuses, ratification has 132 Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing as a Component of the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living, UN GAOR, 37th sess, Agenda Item 3, UN Doc A/HRC/37/53 (15 January 2018) 16 [112]. 133 Eva Mrekajová, ‘Facilitated Naturalization of Stateless Persons’ (2014) 19(1–2) Tilburg Law Review 203, 205; Ivana Stankovic, ‘CESCR’s Recommendations — Serbia to Ensure Effective Access to Personal Documents for Roma and Displaced Persons, and in the Meantime to Facilitate Their Access to Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’ European Network on Statelessness (Blog Post, 4 July 2014) <https://www.statelessness.eu/blog/cescr%E2%80%99s-recommendation-%E2%80%93serbia-ensure-effective-access-personal-documents-roma-and-displaced>. 260