as defining the surrounding areas as of “forests and afforesting”, “national parks and natural reserves”, roads and infrastructure, as well as by excluding their development through designing criteria that the Palestinian villages do not fall within.62 According to a survey conducted by the Arab Center for Alternative Planning in 2007, TAMA 35 allocates 11,600 dunums for industrial areas in the Palestinian localities, while approximately 37,000 dunums in Jewish-Israeli towns. This means that while in respect to the population size, approximately 13 square meters is afforded to a Palestinian citizen, and 61 square meters to Jewish-Israeli citizens.63 Legal and Bureaucratic Obstacles Even when updated and relevant plans have been approved and are in place for Palestinian municipalities, private citizens still face tremendous obstacles in getting their permits approved. Approval of permits is conditioned upon a certain level of infrastructure (such as roads, sewage and electricity). Because such infrastructure is lacking in many Palestinian areas, obtaining permits is almost impossible.64 One of the main problems in the outline plans prepared for the Palestinian localities is the fact that many of them do not include detailed instructions on acquiring building permits. Consequently, Palestinians citizens of Israel need to prepare detailed plans or reparcellation plans to be submitted to the planning institutions in order to receive building permits, after prolonged, expensive and exhausting procedures.65 Most of the lands in the Palestinian localities within the jurisdiction of the Master Plan are considered private lands. As a result, planning procedures are longer and more complex than those in Jewish-Israeli localities in which the vast majority of the localities are built on state-owned land. Therefore, even after having an approved and updated local Master Plan, development and building in Palestinian localities advance very slowly. Mixed Cities The Palestinian and Jewish-Israeli citizens in Israel live largely in separate areas, with the exception of the so-called mixed cities.66 In Israel, the term ‘mixed cities’ is broadly used for describing a situation in which Palestinian 62 Ibid. 63 ACAP -The ArabCenter for Alternative Planning, a national Address for the Arab Citizens in Israel Regarding Land, Planning, Housing, and Eevelopment Issues. 64 Nasser, Severe Housing Distress and Destruction of Arab Homes: Obstacles and Recommendations for Change. 65 BIMKOM – Planners for Planning Rights and ACAP -The Arab Center for Alternative Planning, “Outline Planning for Arab Localities in Israel.” 66 Abu ’Amer, “Palestinians of 48 in mixed cities .. Unending discrimination [in Arabic].” 22