Conclusion Participation and representation are especially relevant when zoning and planning involves indigenous communities or minorities. However, Israel, through the Planning and Building Law, seems to disregard such internationally recognized standards within its planning system when it comes to its Palestinian citizens. The law does not ensure representation for the Palestinian citizens in the decision-making process and in developing the Master Plans, which severely undermines their ability to include their needs and visions in the planning. Moreover, Israel’s few initiatives for local outline plans in Palestinian localities did not provide a satisfactory response in terms of housing needs, population growth, limited land reserves and lack of planning flexibility. The Israeli zoning and planning policies and practices discriminate between the Palestinian and Jewish-Israeli citizens in many aspects of planning and building, as well in allocation of land. The huge differences in quality of life between the communities raise serious questions regarding the principles of equality and fairness. In addition, Israeli National Master Plans consistently created a situation delimiting the future development of Palestinian villages and towns, by not respecting the principle of proportionality. The vast designations of lands around the Palestinian localities for forests, highways or natural reserves, which further limits possible development of the affected areas seem to be unreasonable, mainly in the context of which the Palestinian towns and villages are being subjected to. The evolution of zoning and planning policies towards the Palestinian citizens of Israel portray a clear pattern of consistent ideological drive to Judaize Israeli cities and towns. Starting with displacement and mass land confiscations in the 1950s, accompanied with zoning and planning practices causing serious limitations on development and housing since the 1960s, lead to unbearable conditions of living. This is so particularly in areas where the basic needs of the Palestinian citizens of Israel are being marginalized, as it is the case in the unrecognized Palestinian villages in the Naqab. 25