Assessment Report I NRC Part 2: Housing, land and property rights in displacement Two thirds of respondents reported that they had been displaced three or more times since 2011; and one in ten reported that they had been displaced in excess of six times. The most important source of income was reported to be work with the Local Council, an INGO, a local/national NGO or other; however, 71 per cent of those who reported this were male respondents and only 29 per cent were females. Female respondents were more likely to report that they were reliant on family members as their main source of income. The vast majority of women reporting this 87.5 per cent - were widows and divorced women. Likewise, more than double the number of females as compared with males (almost one third of female respondents) reported having no income. Reporting between married, divorced and widowed women was similar in this respect: whilst 36 per cent of married women reported having no income, 30 per cent of divorced and 31 per cent of widowed women respectively reported this. Only 15 per cent of men reported having no income. These findings highlight the increased vulnerability of females, who are more likely than men to be financially dependent on others for income. They also highlight the increased vulnerability of widows and divorced women who, it appears, are more likely to be dependent on extended family members outside of their household for income. While most household respondents reported that they did not pay for their accommodation in displacement, regardless of whether they were living in or around informal settlements or camps in rural locations or in the host community,30 a quarter reported that they had to pay some form of rent. Data from FGDs identified rental payments as a key burden on IDP households. Of the 25 per cent of respondents surveyed who were paying for their accommodation, 10 per cent paid less than 30 USD, nine per cent paid between 30 and 60 USD and six per cent paid between 61 and 120 USD. High rent and constant rent increases were reported as a main HLP threat/ challenge in 10 out of 12 FGDs. It is clear that such increases occur because of the increasing demand for accommodation as a result of the increase in the number of displaced persons. It was found that most IDPs would prefer to live in better accommodation but could not afford to. The exploitation of IDPs who were renting accommodation and use of negative coping strategies was widely reported during FGDs,31 including an increased risk of sexual and gender-based exploitation and abuse in the form of pressure from landlords and parents upon girls to enter into forced marriages.32 30 About half of the respondents lived in rural locations (i.e. in camps or on land close to camps) and about half of the respondents lived in urban (i.e. host community) locations. In response to the question ‘What type of accommodation are you currently residing in?’, 30 per cent reported that they were living in a tent in good condition; 10 per cent reported that they were living under plastic sheeting or in a partial tent; 21 per cent reported that they were living in a host family house; 18 per cent reported that they were living in rented accommodation; nine per cent reported that they were living in an owned home; six per cent reported occupying an unfinished building; four per cent reported that they were living in a caravan; eight per cent reported that they were occupying public land; and around one per cent reported that they were living in other accommodation, including collective centres. 31 This was reported in the Azaz female FGD, Ghandoura female FGD, Aleppo male FGD, Salqin female FGD, Maaret Tamasrin female FGD, Idleb city male FGD. 32 Landlords demanding marriage with underage female IDPs in exchange for the IDP family being allowed to stay in rented accommodation was reported in the Darkosh female FGD and in the Salqin female FGD; and parents marrying girls off in order to secure accommodation was reported in the Idleb city male FGD. NRC Assessment Report I 17