This administrative system was also paired with a set of “prevention of infiltration” military orders, which replicate the 1954 Prevention of Infiltration Law so as to extend its application to the oPt. Additionally, both versions of the residency system – that in place in Jerusalem under Israeli civil law and that in the rest of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip under Israeli military law – include mechanisms for revoking residency status. Residents require exit permits (subject to the discretion of the Israeli Minister of the Interior and/or Israeli military commander – head of the Israeli civil administration) to travel abroad. Between 1967 and 1994, Israel regarded Palestinians in the oPt as “resident aliens”. If a resident failed to return before the expiry of their permit, they risked being removed from the Population Registry, thereby losing their residency status.87 During this period, Israel stripped the residency rights of some 140,000 Palestinians living in the West Bank, and more than 100,000 living in the Gaza Strip, representing more than 10 percent of the Gaza Strip population and thus dramatically shifting the demographic composition of the territory.88 The Citizenship Law and census made it very easy for Israeli officials to continually displace Palestinians by merely denying their right to enter. In 1995, the Oslo Accords transferred the “powers and responsibilities in the sphere of population registry and documentation in the West Bank and Gaza Strip … to the Palestinian side.”89 Despite this apparent handover to the Palestinians, in reality Israel has maintained control, as a result of the agreed requirement to notify the Israelis of any change to the Population Registry and its control of all Palestinian borders. Then, in 2000, Israel froze all changes to the registry and no longer recognizes most changes made by the Palestinian Authority (PA). This situation has resulted in a complex array of ongoing residency issues for many Palestinians,90 with only births, deaths and replacement of documents being 87 Munir Nuseibah, “Decades of Displacing Palestinians: How Israel Does It,” Al-Shabaka, 18 June 2013, available at: http://al-shabaka.org/node/624 [accessed 28 March 2018]. 88 Akiva Eldar, “Israel Admits It Revoked Residency Rights of a Quarter Million Palestinians,” Haaretz, 2 June 2012, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-admits-it-revoked-palestinians-residencysince-1967-1.5176492 [accessed 6 June 2018]. 89 Interim Agreement, Annex III, Appendix I, Article 28 (1). 90 Amjad Alqasis and Nidal Alazza, Denial of Residency- Forced Population Transfer: The Case of Palestine, BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights, available at http://www.badil. org/en/documents/category/35-publications?download=1097%3Awp-16 [hereinafter Alqasis and Alazza, BADIL, Denial of Residency]; see also Human Rights Watch, “’Forget about Him, He’s Not Here’: Israel’s Control of Palestinian Residency in the West Bank and Gaza,” February 2012, available at https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/02/05/forget-about-him-hes-not-here/israels-control-palestinian -residency-west-bank-and [accessed 18 September 2018]; and B’tselem, “Residents without Status”, available at https://www.btselem.org/gaza_strip/stateless [accessed 18 September 2018]. 32