3.1 Employment ................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Welfare ........................................................................................................................... 22 3.2.1 Housing ................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.2 Social Assistance .................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Education ........................................................................................................................ 24 3.4 Identity and Mobility...................................................................................................... 25 3.5 Liberty ............................................................................................................................ 26 3.5.1 Detention ................................................................................................................. 26 3.5.2 Reporting to CBSA ................................................................................................. 28 3.6 Access to Health Care .................................................................................................... 29 3.7 Mental Health ................................................................................................................. 29 3.7.1 Addiction................................................................................................................. 30 3.7.2 Suicidality ............................................................................................................... 31 3.7.3 Hopelessness and despair ........................................................................................ 31 4. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 33 Annex I - Methodology................................................................................................................. 36 1.1. Jurisprudential Research ......................................................................................... 36 1.2. Statistics .................................................................................................................. 36 1.3. Media Reports ......................................................................................................... 36 1.4. Semi-structured Interviews with Stateless Persons................................................. 36 II. Sources .................................................................................................................................... 37 Legislation......................................................................................................................... 38 Case Law ........................................................................................................................... 38 UN Documents.................................................................................................................. 38 Government of Canada ..................................................................................................... 39 Other.. ............................................................................................................................... 41 iii