4.3 The predicament of stateless people in Australia varies, but is often shaped by the type of visa a person is placed on 45 4.3.1 The experience of statelessness in Australia is heavily influenced by visa category and the entitlements (or lack thereof) that accompany them 45 4.3.2 Statelessness is a secondary consideration after refugee protection 47 4.3.3 Stateless people on bridging visas and ‘transitory persons’ face particular legal uncertainty that impacts multiple aspects of a person’s life 48 4.3.4 Different members within the same stateless family and/or community are subjected to different visas and conditions 49 4.3.5 Stateless people are disproportionately impacted by visa cancellations and refusals 49 4.3.6 Stateless people face a disproportionate risk of being detained for lengthy periods 50 Chapter 6: Conclusion 69 Annex 1: List of terminology and abbreviations 72 Terminology 72 Abbreviations 73 Annex 2: Stakeholder interview participants 74 Annex 3: Extract of behavioural code of conduct for community detention 75 Appendix: Stories of statelessness in Australia 78 Chapter 5: Living stateless in Australia 52 Yasmin* 79 5.1 Parallels in the lived experience of statelessness prior to Australia Amira* 81 54 Nasir* 83 5.1.1 Freedom of movement 54 Nur* 85 5.1.2 Access to education 55 Fadi 86 5.1.3 Access to healthcare and disability support 57 Asma 89 5.1.4 Access to employment and the dignity of work 57 Kareem* 92 5.1.5 Exclusion from belonging 58 Amir 94 5.1.6 Access to housing 59 Hassan* 97 5.2 A feeling of “stuck-ness:” Lost time and lost lives 59 5.2.1 Family separation and impact on family life 61 Endnotes 99 5.3 Mental health impacts of trauma and long-term uncertainty, including on young people 62 5.4 Statelessness as intrinsically linked to concepts of ‘belonging’ 65 5.5 Complex and varied relationships with the term ‘stateless’ 66 5.6 ‘After the honeymoon’: Citizenship is not the complete answer to statelessness but holds significant weight and meaning for stateless people 67 4 Peter McMullin Centre on Statelessness | Understanding Statelessness in Australia