rights challenges related to statelessness in all countries under review under the 23rd to the 27th UPR Sessions.4 5) The European Network on Statelessness (ENS)5 is a civil society alliance of NGOs, lawyers, academics and other independent experts committed to addressing statelessness in Europe. Based in London, it currently has over 100 members in 39 European countries. ENS organises its work around three pillars – law and policy, communications and capacity-building. The Network provides expert advice and support to a range of stakeholders, including governments. 6) The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) is a Roma-led international public interest law organisation which monitors the human rights of Roma in Europe and provides legal defence in cases of human rights violations.6 7) This joint submission focuses on children’s right to a nationality, identification of stateless persons, detention of stateless persons and those at risk of statelessness, and Roma statelessness in Ukraine. It draws on the combined experience of the submitting organisations both in Ukraine and internationally, including the collaborative research and advocacy of ENS, the Institute and R2P on the detention of stateless persons in Ukraine,7 and ongoing collaboration between ERRC, the Institute, Tenth of April, and ENS on statelessness among the Roma in Ukraine. The Universal Periodic Review of Ukraine Under the First and Second Cycle (2008, 2012) 8) Ukraine was subject to the UPR under the first cycle in 2008 and under the second cycle in 2012. Ukraine received recommendations to ratify the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness – from Mexico in the 1st Cycle and from Portugal in the 2nd Cycle. Both recommendations were noted by Ukraine,8 and it acceded to the Statelessness Conventions in March 2013. Ukraine also received and noted recommendations to ratify the International Convention on the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. Finally, Mexico recommended that Ukraine ‘review its legislation to ensure the right of all boys and girls to have a nationality and ensure birth registration, regardless of their ethnic origin or their parents' status’. For more information on Ukraine’s performance related to relevant recommendations under the previous cycle, please, refer to the Matrix in Attachment 1. 4 For more on the Institute’s UPR advocacy, see http://www.institutesi.org/ourwork/humanrights.php 5 For more information about ENS, please see the website http://www.statelessness.eu/. 6 For more information about the ERRC, please see the website www.errc.org. 7 See European Network on Statelessness, Protecting Stateless Persons from Arbitrary Detention in Ukraine, 2016, available at: http://www.statelessness.eu/sites/www.statelessness.eu/files/ENS_Detention_Reports_Ukraine-EN.pdf 8 See comments to recommendations XX and XX in the matrix of previous recommendations made to Ukraine in the Matrix of recommendations made in the 2nd cycle. 3