Improvement of conditions Nearly 7% of households in Jerash camp have ever received assistance from the DPA, UNRWA or another institution to renovate or upgrade their dwellings. This is slightly above the average for all camps (4%) but a lower proportion than found in Talbiyeh (10%) and particularly in Sukhneh camp (23%) 62. However, the DPA conditions organisations providing shelter rehabilitation services to upgrade no more than one room, kitchen, and bathroom. This is also the maximum offered by the DPA 63. Hence, the cost of more substantial construction work such as major expansion of a dwelling, or adding a new unit, must be covered by the refugees themselves. No wonder, then, that the poorest camp population also lags behind with regard to quality of housing conditions. Since the surveys were implemented, major efforts have been undertaken to improve conditions and the cleanliness of Jerash camp. Whereas more than 98% of Jerash households were not connected to sewerage systems at the time of the survey, the SDC-DPA project to install an underground sewerage system and rehabilitate the water supply network has recently been completed, ensuring access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities (SDC 2017). Furthermore, 85 shelters have been re-built or upgraded as part of an EC-funded Camp Improvement Project (UNRWA, 2014) 64 Dwellings in other camps have also been renovated with financial support from the Jordanian government and international donors 65. There were extensive shelter rehabilitation efforts undertaken in Sukhneh camp between 2003 and 2010: 13 housing units and 281 rooms were renovated with funding from the EU whilst 168 bathrooms and 103 kitchens were improved thanks to support from the Institute for University Cooperation (ICU), an Italian NGO. From 2005 to 2010, 1,405 dwellings in eight other camps — Jerash not among them — were renovated with economic support from the Ministry of Planning. Information from DPA, 7 May 2019. 63 Interview with DPA, 18 February 2016. 64 Information from UNRWA, 18 March 2019. 65 Between 2014 and 2018, UNRWA — with funding from the German development bank KfW — was responsible for the upgrading of 85 dwellings in Talbiyeh camp and 88 dwellings in Azmi AlMufti camp. Information from UNRWA, 18 March 2019. In the years 2011 to 2018, altogether 884 households in nine camps — Jerash not included — received financial support from the Ministry of Planning and the Royal Court to renovate their dwellings. Information from DPA, 23 April and 7 May 2019. 62 ‘Just getting by’ Ex-Gazans in Jerash and other refugee camps in Jordan 45